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Urs Leupold
Urs Leupold (July 19, 1923 – October 9, 2006) was a Swiss geneticist whose studies of the fission yeast ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'' were instrumental in establishing this organism as a key model system for eukaryotic cell and molecular biology.〔Leupold U. (1993) The origins of Schizosaccharomyces pombe genetics. In: Hall MN, Linder P. eds. The Early Days of Yeast Genetics . New York. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. p 125–128.〕 Leupold began his studies of ''S. pombe'' in 1946 upon encouragement by Øjvind Winge. In 1947, Leupold determined that a culture of ''S. pombe str. liquefaciens'' contained strains expressing four distinct mating types: ''h''40, ''h''90, ''h''+, and ''h''−. Most current ''S. pombe'' laboratory strains are derived from the ''h''90, ''h''+, and ''h''− strains known as 968, 975, and 972.〔Leupold U. (1950) Die Vererbung von Homothallie und Heterothallie bei Schizosaccharomyces pombe. CR Trav Lab Carlsberg Ser Physiol 24:381–480.〕
Leupold went on to carry out postdoctoral studies with Norman Horowitz at Caltech and with Boris Ephrussi at the University of Paris. Notably, with Norman Horowitz, Leupold isolated the first conditional (temperature sensitive) mutations in the bacterium ''Escherichia coli'' as part of an effort to address criticisms raised by Max Delbrück of the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis 〔Horowitz, N.H. and Leupold, U. (1951) Some recent studies bearing on the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis.Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1951;16:65-74.〕
In 1952, Leupold returned to studying ''S. pombe'' first at the University of Zürich from 1952 to 1963 and then as head of the Institute of General Microbiology at the University of Bern from 1963 to 1986. During this time, his laboratory made major contributions to the understanding of genetic mutations and suppressors in ''S. pombe'', as well as the construction of a genetic map of this yeast. As the recognized leader in fission yeast genetics, Leupold had a great impact on the first generation of scientists to use ''S. pombe'' for genetic studies. In 1973, Paul Nurse spent a couple months with Leupold to learn ''S. pombe'' genetics before beginning his seminal studies on cell cycle control with Murdoch Mitchison in Edinburgh, Scotland. Other notable ''S. pombe'' scientists who trained with Leupold include Peter Munz, Jürg Kohli, Herbert Gutz, Matthias Sipiczki and the late Pierre Thuriaux.
== References ==
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